Low pay and income in urban and rural areas: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

Abstract

This paper examines the extent of urban-rural differences in low pay and the link between low pay and low incomes using data on urban and rural residents from the British Household Panel Survey for 1991-98. The results suggest that, overall, urban wages were significantly less than accessible rural but significantly more than remote rural wages even after adjustments were made for differences in observed characteristics. A lower percentage of urban workers who experienced low pay were also resident in low-income households. Lower urban in-employment and in-self-employment poverty were found relative to poor remote rural households even after differences in the characteristics across the different samples were controlled for.