Education and health: what is the evidence and what more do we need to know?

The aim of this paper is to summarize the main results and discuss several problems of recent evidence on the causal effects of education on health outcomes as provided in the economic literature. Potential issues discussed are external validity, publication bias, underpowered instrumental variables regressions and type M-errors, and difficulties to identify the “underlying mechanisms” of the causal effect of education of health.”